II. The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2008 »
Type: section
Chapter: 6. Arms production
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2010
Author: Susan T. Jackson
II. The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 20083The total arms sales of the SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies in 2008 (outside China) increased by $39billion to reach $385 billion. The total arms sales of the Top 100 have increased each year since 2002 and by a total of 84 per cent in real terms (seetable6.1).As in previous years, US companies led in both the number of companies in the Top 100 and the share of total arms sales for 2008, followed by West European companies (seetable6.2). However, the country-based composition
II. The threats posed by chemical and biological material »
Type: section
Chapter: 10. Reducing security threats from chemical and biological materials
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2010
Author: John Hart, Peter Clevestig
II. The threats posed by chemical and biological materialThreat perceptions are less focused on the lethality of CBW agents. The threats posed by chemical and biological material can be categorized as those related to state security, population security and the security of critical infrastructure.2 Each involves a distinct threat and policy response: protection of the state, the population and of critical infrastructure. Many of the specific policy responses arose from civil defence against nuclear weapon attack and have since increasingly been extended to include protection against natural disasters, attack by non-state actors and infectious disease outbreaks.
II. The United Nations Register of Conventional Arms »
Type: section
Chapter: 7. International arms transfers
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2010
Author: Mark Bromley, Paul Holtom
II. The United Nations Register of Conventional ArmsUNROCA is the key international mechanism of official transparency on arms transfers. Established in 1991, it requests all UN member states to report information about the export and import of seven categories of conventional weapons.2 While UNROCA has made a significant contribution to greater public transparency in this area, a number of factors limit its utility, including incomplete submissions or non-submissions by certain states, discrepancies between different states’ reports and the limited coverage of the reporting categories.3Figure 7C.1. Number of reports submitted to the United Nations
II. The United Nations Register of Conventional Arms »
Type: section
Chapter: 6. International arms transfers
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2011
Author: Mark Bromley, Paul Holtom
II. The United Nations Register of Conventional ArmsUNROCA, established in 1991, is the key international mechanism for official transparency on arms transfers. All UN member states are requested to report to UNROCA information on their exports and imports of seven categories of conventional weapons: (a) battle tanks, (b) armoured combat vehicles, (c) large-calibre artillery systems, (d) combat aircraft, (e) attack helicopters, (f) warships, and (g) missiles and missile launchers. States are also invited to submit information on their holdings and procurement from domestic producers
II. The United States »
Type: section
Chapter: 4. Military expenditure
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2011
Author: Sam Perlo-Freeman, Julian Cooper, Olawale Ismail, Elisabeth Sköns, Carina Solmirano
II. The United StatesThe USA’s military expenditure increased by 2.8 per cent in real terms in 2010 to reach $698 billion. This increase, which was smaller than in recent years and substantially smaller than had been projected by the US Administration, was almost entirely due to an increase in spending on overseas contingency operations (OCO), in Afghanistan and Iraq.2 However, the Administration’s projections of future spending show a much larger increase in outlays in financial year (FY) 2011, particularly on operationsand maintenance and procurement spending.3 This suggests that some of the spending planned
II. Trends in the SIPRI Top 100 »
Type: section
Chapter: 5. Arms production
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2011
Author: Susan T. Jackson
II. Trends in the SIPRI Top 100Despite the ongoing global economic recession, the total arms sales of the SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies in 2009 increased by $14.8 billion to reach $400.7 billion, a real increase of 8 per cent over 2008. The total arms sales of the Top 100 have increased by a total of 58 per cent in real terms since 2002 (seetable 5A.1).A year after its onset, the 2008 financial crisis had a mixed impact on individual companies but did not dampen arms sales overall in 2009.1 In general, the
II. Understanding corruption in the arms trade »
Type: section
Chapter: 1. Corruption and the arms trade: sins of commission
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2011
Author: Andrew Feinstein, Paul Holden, Barnaby Pace
II. Understanding corruption in the arms tradeWhat is corruption?Corruption is a term with great emotive force that is often used without being precisely defined. Even in key international agreements it is often left vague. For example, the 2003 United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) fails to define the term because ‘consensus on the definition of corruption had not been reached during the negotiating process’.3 Instead, UNCAC attempts to address ‘specific kinds of corruption’ without providing a prescriptive overarching definitional framework. Nonetheless, UNCAC is legally binding and obliges member states to introduce legal mechanisms to limit
II. United Nations Security Council resolutions on transfers of proliferation-sensitive items »
Type: section
Chapter: 12. Controls on security-related international transfers
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2010
Author: Sibylle Bauer, Ivana Micic
II. United Nations Security Council resolutions on transfers of proliferation-sensitive itemsUN Security Council Resolution 1540, which was drawn up to prevent access by non-state actors to WMD and to nuclear and radiological materials, is now widely used as the generic legal basis for promoting and demanding international export control standards.2 The resolution established the 1540 Committee, which works with UN member states to implement the resolution.3 The Committee’s eighth programme identified five main areas of work and set-up working groups, open to all Security Council delegations, whose tasks were broken into four categories: (
II. US nuclear forces »
Type: section
Chapter: 8. World nuclear forces
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2010
Author: Shannon N. Kile, Vitaly Fedchenko, Bharath Gopalaswamy, Hans M. Kristensen
II. US nuclear forcesAs of January 2010 the USA maintained an estimated arsenal of approximately 2468 operational nuclear warheads, consisting of roughly 1968 strategic and 500 non-strategic warheads (seetable8.2). In addition to this operational arsenal, approximately 2600 warheads are held in reserve, for a total stockpile of approximately 5100 warheads. Several thousand more retired warheads are awaiting dismantlement.This force level is a slight change compared with the estimate presented inSIPRI Yearbook 2009.3 The change reflects the limited additional withdrawal from deployment of warheads on strategic nuclear delivery vehicles (intercontinental ballistic
II. US nuclear forces »
Type: section
Chapter: 7. World nuclear forces
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2011
Author: Shannon N. Kile, Vitaly Fedchenko, Bharath Gopalaswamy, Hans M. Kristensen
II. US nuclear forcesAs of January 2011 the USA maintained an estimated arsenal of approximately 2150 operational nuclear warheads, consisting of roughly 1950 strategicand 200 non-strategic warheads (seetable 7.2). In addition to this operational arsenal, about 2850 warheads are held in reserve, for a total stockpile of approximately 5000 warheads.3 Another 3500 retired warheads are awaiting dismantlement.This force level is a slight decrease compared with the estimate presented inSIPRI Yearbook 2010.4 The change reflects the limited additional withdrawal from deployment of warheads on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and