Contents

SIPRI Yearbook 2010

SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abstracts
Abbreviations and conventions
- Abbreviations and conventions
Introduction
- I. Overview
- II. SIPRI Yearbook 2010: highlights and findings
- III. Conclusions
1. A world without nuclear weapons: fantasy or necessity?
- I. Introduction
- II. Staged reductions in Russian and US nuclear weapons
- III. Broadening the circle: involving other nuclear-armed states in a campaign to eliminate nuclear weapons
- IV. Ancillary agreements necessary to support and sustain a world without nuclear weapons
- V. Deterrence in a world without nuclear weapons
- VI. Governance and institution building: how much must change?
- VII. How political and doctrinal changes pave the way for international agreements: the US case
- VIII. Conclusions: looking ahead
2. Armed conflict, crime and criminal violence
- I. Introduction
- II. Crime and criminal violence: data, methodology and global trends
- III. Transnational crime in armed conflict settings
- IV. A new type of armed conflict?
- V. Conclusions
- Appendix 2A. Patterns of major armed conflicts, 2000–2009
- Appendix 2B. The Global Peace Index 2010
3. Civilian roles in peace operations
- I. Introduction
- II. Addressing the civilian capacity gap in peace operations
- III. The UN Mission in Sudan
- IV. Conclusions
- Appendix 3A. Multilateral peace operations, 2009
4. Euro-Atlantic security and institutions: rebalancing in the midst of global change
- I. Introduction
- II. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- III. The European Union
- IV. Renewing pan-European security cooperation?
- V. Conclusions
5. Military expenditure
- I. Introduction
- II. Africa
- III. Latin America
- IV. The Middle East
- V. Asia and Oceania
- VI. Europe
- VII. North America
- VIII. Conclusions
- Appendix 5A. Military expenditure data, 2000–2009
- Appendix 5B. The reporting of military expenditure data
6. Arms production
- I. Introduction
- II. The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2008
- III. Mergers and acquisitions, 2009
- IV. The limited impact of the financial crisis on the arms industry
- V. Conclusions: continuity despite the crisis
- Appendix 6A. The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2008
- Appendix 6B. Major arms industry acquisitions, 2009
7. International arms transfers
- I. Introduction
- II. Major supplier developments, 2009
- III. Arms transfers to North Africa
- IV. Arms transfers to Iraq
- V. Conclusions
- Appendix 7A. The suppliers and recipients of major conventional weapons, 2005–2009
  - I. Introduction
  - II. Sources and methods for arms transfers data
- Appendix 7B. The financial value of the arms trade, 1999–2008
  - Appendix 7B. The financial value of the arms trade, 1999–2008
- Appendix 7C. Transparency in arms transfers
8. World nuclear forces
- I. Introduction
- II. US nuclear forces
- III. Russian nuclear forces
- IV. British nuclear forces
- V. French nuclear forces
- VI. Chinese nuclear forces
- VII. Indian nuclear forces
- VIII. Pakistani nuclear forces
- IX. Israeli nuclear forces
- X. North Korea’s military nuclear capabilities
- XI. Conclusions
- Appendix 8A. Global stocks of fissile materials, 2009
- Appendix 8B. Nuclear explosions, 1945–2009
9. Nuclear arms control and non-proliferation
- I. Introduction
- II. Russian–US strategic nuclear arms control
- III. Iran and nuclear proliferation concerns
- IV. The impasse over North Korea’s nuclear programme
- V. Proliferation concerns in Syria and Myanmar
- VI. Developments related to multilateral treaties and initiatives
- VII. New nuclear weapon-free zones
- VIII. Conclusions
10. Reducing security threats from chemical and biological materials
- I. Introduction
- II. The threats posed by chemical and biological material
- III. Biological weapon arms control and disarmament
- IV. Chemical weapon arms control and disarmament
- V. Allegations of violations and prior programmes and activities
- VI. Prevention, response and remediation
- VII. Conclusions
11. Conventional arms control
- I. Introduction
- II. European arms control
- III. Building military security cooperation in the OSCE area
- IV. Control of inhumane weapons
- V. Conclusions
12. Controls on security-related international transfers
- I. Introduction
- II. United Nations Security Council resolutions on transfers of proliferation-sensitive items
- III. Developments in multilateral export control regimes
- IV. Supply-side and cooperative measures in the European Union
- V. Conclusions
- Appendix 12A. Multilateral arms embargoes, 2009
Annex A. Arms control and disarmament agreements
- I. Universal treaties
- II. Regional treaties
- III. Bilateral treaties
Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
Annex C. Chronology 2009
About the authors
Errata

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II. The threats posed by chemical and biological material

Chapter:: 10. Reducing security threats from chemical and biological materials
Source:: SIPRI Yearbook 2010
Author(s):: John Hart, Peter Clevestig

Threat perceptions are less focused on the lethality of CBW agents. The threats posed by chemical and biological material can be categorized as those related to state security, population security and the security of critical infrastructure.² Each involves a distinct threat and policy response: protection of the state, the population and of critical infrastructure. Many of the specific policy responses arose from civil defence against nuclear weapon attack and have since increasingly been extended to include protection against natural disasters, attack by non-state actors and infectious disease outbreaks. When infectious disease is viewed in terms of population security, the intervention strategies may be formulated according to the requirements of prevention. In contrast, when critical infrastructure is the focus, the response strategy concentrates on preparedness.³

Citation (MLA):: Hart, John, and Peter Clevestig. "10. Reducing security threats from chemical and biological materials." SIPRI Yearbook 2010. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010. Web. 19 Jun. 2013. <http://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199581122/sipri-9780199581122-div1-93.xml>.
Citation (APA):: Hart, J., & Clevestig, P. (2010). 10. Reducing security threats from chemical and biological materials. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2010. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 19 Jun. 2013, from http://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199581122/sipri-9780199581122-div1-93.xml
Citation (Chicago):: Hart, John, and Peter Clevestig. "10. Reducing security threats from chemical and biological materials." In SIPRI Yearbook 2010, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010). Retrieved 19 Jun. 2013, from http://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199581122/sipri-9780199581122-div1-93.xml

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