5. Armed conflict and peace processes in Europe »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780192847577.003.0005
Chapter: 5. Armed conflict and peace processes in Europe
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2021
Author: Ian Davis
IanDavisOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20210602.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen5. Armed conflict and peace processes in EuropeOverviewTwo armed conflicts were active in Europe in 2020: the interstate border conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan for control of Nagorno-Karabakh, which escalated into high-intensity conflict during the year, and the ongoing low-intensity internationalized, subnational armed conflict in Ukraine. Elsewhere in Europe, tensions persisted in largely quiescent but unresolved conflicts in the post-Soviet space, the Western Balkans and Cyprus. There were also persistent tensions between Russia and large parts of the rest of Europe, as well as
5. Armed conflict and peace processes in Europe »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780192883032.003.0005
Chapter: 5. Armed conflict and peace processes in Europe
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2022
Author: Ian Davis
IanDavisOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20220601.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen5. Armed conflict and peace processes in EuropeOverviewTwo armed conflicts were active in Europe in 2021: the interstate border conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan for control of Nagorno-Karabakh, and the ongoing, low-intensity, internationalized, subnational armed conflict in Ukraine. In late 2021, a second large-scale Russian military build-up near Ukraine’s borders raised fears of the conflict in Ukraine escalating into a major interstate armed conflict (seesectionII).After being on a low simmer for months, the armed conflict in Donbas escalated again in
7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780198869207.003.0007
Chapter: 7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2020
Author: Ian Davis
IanDavisOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20200603.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan AfricaOverviewThere were at least 15 countries with active armed conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa in 2019: Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. Eight were low-intensity, subnational armed conflicts, and seven were high-intensity armed conflicts (Nigeria, Somalia, the DRC, Burkina Faso, Mali, South Sudan and Cameroon). Almost all the armed conflicts were internationalized, including as a
7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780192847577.003.0007
Chapter: 7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2021
Author: Ian Davis
IanDavisOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20210602.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan AfricaOverviewThere were at least 20 states (out of a total of 49 states) with active armed conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa in 2020: Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. Ten were low-intensity, subnational armed conflicts, and 10 were high-intensity armed conflicts. Except for CAR and Somalia, all the other
7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780192883032.003.0007
Chapter: 7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2022
Author: Ian Davis
IanDavisOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20220601.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan AfricaOverviewAt least 18 states in sub-Saharan Africa (out of a total of 49) experienced active armed conflict in 2021. High-intensity armed conflicts occurred in 12 states—Nigeria (9913 estimated conflict-related deaths); Ethiopia (8958); the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (5683); Somalia (3261); Burkina Faso (2373); South Sudan (2156); Mali (1910); the Central African Republic (CAR) (1707); Sudan (1652); Niger (1460); Cameroon (1395); and Mozambique (1158)—and low-intensity, subnational armed conflicts in a further 6 (Benin, Burundi, Chad,
3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780198869207.003.0003
Chapter: 3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2020
Author: Marina Caparini
MarinaCapariniOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20200603.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the AmericasOverviewIn 2019 non-international armed conflicts, as defined under international humanitarian law, were present in two countries in the Americas: Colombia and Mexico. Implementation of the 2016 Colombian peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–People’s Army continued throughout 2019. At the same time the Government of Colombia was involved in several non-international armed conflicts with non-signatory non-state armed groups, while there were additional conflicts among such groups. The fragmentation and growing presence of these groups
3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780192847577.003.0003
Chapter: 3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2021
Author: Marina Caparini
MarinaCapariniOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20210602.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the AmericasOverviewThe Americas presented a complex and mixed picture for peace during 2020, with worsening conflict in certain countries, but less violence in some, partly as a result of Covid‑19 pandemic lockdowns. In others armed violence continued at a similar level to that in 2019. Two countries—Colombia and Mexico—had several parallel non-international armed conflicts on their territories.Implementation of the 2016 peace accord between the Government of Colombia and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia–People’s Army (Fuerzas
3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780192883032.003.0003
Chapter: 3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2022
Author: Marina Caparini
MarinaCapariniOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20220601.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the AmericasOverviewSeveral armed conflicts meeting the non-International armed conflict (NIAC) threshold, as defined under International law, were active in Colombia and Mexico in 2021. In Colombia at least three parallel and overlapping conflicts continued: one between the government and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN) and another between the government and dissident armed groups of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC‑EP)’s former Eastern Bloc; and one between rival cartels the ELN and the Autodefensas
6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780198869207.003.0006
Chapter: 6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2020
Author: Ian Davis
IanDavisOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20200603.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North AfricaOverviewThere were seven countries with active armed conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa in 2019 (the same as in 2018): Egypt (high-intensity, subnational armed conflict), Iraq (internationalized civil war), Israel (low-intensity, extrastate armed conflict), Libya (internationalized civil war), Syria (major internationalized civil war), Turkey (low-intensity, extrastate and subnational armed conflict) and Yemen (major internationalized civil war). All the armed conflicts had fewer fatalities than in 2018, except for Libya. Many
6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa »
Type: chapter
DOI: 10.1093/sipri/9780192847577.003.0006
Chapter: 6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa
Source: SIPRI Yearbook 2021
Author: Ian Davis
IanDavisOxChapML2.50OUP TCI20210602.0SIPRIMedicine-UKSIPRI Yearbook SeriesNewgen6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North AfricaOverviewThere were seven states with active armed conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in 2020 (the same as in 2017–19): Egypt (low-intensity, subnational armed conflict), Iraq (internationalized civil war), Israel (low-intensity, extrastate armed conflict), Libya (internationalized civil war), Syria (internationalized civil war), Turkey (low-intensity, extrastate and subnational armed conflict) and Yemen (major internationalized civil war). All the armed conflicts had fewer fatalities than in 2019. Overall, conflict-related fatalities have