Contents

Chapter:

Source:

SIPRI Yearbook 2021

Author(s):

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

• Preface

• Abbreviations and conventions

• SIPRI Yearbook online

• Introduction

  1. 1. Introduction: International stability and human security in 2020 Dan Smith
     1. I. Security issues in 2020: A global overview
     2. II. The Covid‑19 pandemic
     3. III. The US election
     4. IV. International cooperation

• Part I. Armed conflict and conflict management, 2020

  1. 2. Global developments in armed conflicts, peace processes and peace operations
     • Overview Ian Davis and Jaïr van der Lijn
     1. I. Tracking armed conflicts and peace processes Ian Davis
     2. II. Global and regional trends and developments in multilateral peace operations Timo Smit and Jaïr van der Lijn
     3. III. Table of multilateral peace operations, 2020 Timo Smit
  2. 3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas
     • Overview Marina Caparini
     1. I. Key general developments in the region Marina Caparini
     2. II. Armed conflict and the peace process in Colombia Marina Caparini
     3. III. Armed conflict in Mexico Marina Caparini
  3. 4. Armed conflict and peace processes in Asia and Oceania
     • Overview Ian Davis
     1. I. Key general developments in the region Ian Davis
     2. II. Armed conflict and peace processes in South Asia Ian Davis
     3. III. Armed conflict and peace processes in South East Asia Ian Davis
  4. 5. Armed conflict and peace processes in Europe
     • Overview Ian Davis
     1. I. Key general developments in the region Ian Davis
     2. II. The interstate armed conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan Ian Davis
     3. III. Armed conflict and the peace process in Ukraine Ian Davis
  5. 6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa
     • Overview Ian Davis
     1. I. Key general developments in the region Ian Davis
     2. II. Armed conflict and peace processes in Iraq, Syria and Turkey Ian Davis and Shivan Fazil
     3. III. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict and peace process Ian Davis
     4. IV. Armed conflict and peace processes in North Africa Ian Davis
     5. V. Armed conflict and peace processes in Yemen Ian Davis
  6. 7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
     • Overview Ian Davis
     1. I. Key general developments in the region Ian Davis
     2. II. Armed conflict and peace processes in West Africa Virginie Baudais and Annelies Hickendorff
     3. III. Armed conflict and peace processes in Central Africa Ian Davis
     4. IV. Armed conflict and peace processes in East Africa Ian Davis

• Part II. Military spending and armaments, 2020

  1. 8. Military expenditure
     • Overview Nan Tian
     1. I. Global developments in military expenditure, 2020 Nan Tian, Diego Lopes Da Silva and Alexandra Marksteiner
     2. II. Regional developments in military expenditure, 2020 Nan Tian, Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, Diego Lopes Da Silva and Alexandra Marksteiner
     3. III. Transparency in government reporting on military expenditure in South East Asia Lucie Béraud-Sudreau and Diego Lopes Da Silva
  2. 9. International arms transfers and developments in arms production
     • Overview Siemon T. Wezeman
     1. I. Developments in arms transfers, 2016–20 Siemon T. Wezeman, Alexandra Kuimova and Pieter D. Wezeman
     2. II. Developments among the suppliers of major arms, 2016–20 Siemon T. Wezeman, Alexandra Kuimova and Pieter D. Wezeman
     3. III. Developments among the recipients of major arms, 2016–20 Siemon T. Wezeman, Alexandra Kuimova and Pieter D. Wezeman
     4. IV. The financial value of states’ arms exports Alexandra Marksteiner and Pieter D. Wezeman
     5. V. Trends in arms production, 2019 Alexandra Marksteiner
  3. 10. World nuclear forces
     1. Overview Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     2. I. United States nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     3. II. Russian nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     4. III. British nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     5. IV. French nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     6. V. Chinese nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     7. VI. Indian nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     8. VII. Pakistani nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     9. VIII. Israeli nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     10. IX. North Korean nuclear forces Hans M. Kristensen and Matt Korda
     11. X. Global stocks and production of fissile materials, 2020 Moritz Kütt, Zia Mian and Pavel Podvig International Panel on Fissile Materials

• Part III. Non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament, 2020

  1. 11. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation
     • Overview Tytti Erästö, Vitaly Fedchenko and Petr Topychkanov
     1. I. Russian–United States nuclear arms control and disarmament Petr Topychkanov
     2. II. Implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on Iran’s nuclear programme Tytti Erästö
     3. III. Multilateral nuclear arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties and initiatives Tytti Erästö, Shannon N. Kile and Vitaly Fedchenko
  2. 12. Chemical and biological security threats
     • Overview Filippa Lentzos and Caitríona Mcleish
     1. I. The unfolding Covid‑19 pandemic Filippa Lentzos
     2. II. Biological weapon disarmament and non-proliferation Filippa Lentzos
     3. III. Allegations of use of chemical weapons in Syria Caitríona Mcleish
     4. IV. Use of novichok agents Caitríona Mcleish
     5. V. Chemical arms control and disarmament Caitríona Mcleish
  3. 13. Conventional arms control and regulation of new weapon technologies
     • Overview Laura Bruun, Ian Davis, Nivedita Raju, Luke Richards, Pieter D. Wezeman and Siemon T. Wezeman
     1. I. Global and regional instruments for conventional arms control Ian Davis
     2. II. The group of governmental experts on lethal autonomous weapon systems Laura Bruun
     3. III. Cyberspace and the malicious use of information and communications technology Luke Richards
     4. IV. Developments in space security, 2020 Nivedita Raju
     5. V. The withdrawal of the United States from the Treaty on Open Skies Ian Davis
     6. VI. International transparency in arms procurement and military expenditure as confidence-building measures Pieter D. Wezeman and Siemon T. Wezeman
  4. 14. Dual-use and arms trade controls
     • Overview Andrea Edoardo Varisco
     1. I. The Arms Trade Treaty Andrea Edoardo Varisco, Giovanna Maletta and Lucile Robin
     2. II. Multilateral arms embargoes Pieter D. Wezeman
     3. III. The multilateral export control regimes Kolja Brockmann
     4. IV. Developments in the European Union’s dual-use and arms trade controls Mark Bromley, Kolja Brockmann and Giovanna Maletta

• Annexes

  1. Annex A. Arms control and disarmament agreements
     1. I. Universal treaties
     2. II. Regional treaties
     3. III. Bilateral treaties
  2. Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
     1. I. Bodies with a global focus or membership
     2. II. Bodies with a regional focus or membership
     3. III. Strategic trade control regimes
  3. Annex C. Chronology 2020

• About the authors