SIPRI Yearbook 2022
II. Armed conflict and peace processes in Iraq, Syria and Turkey
This section outlines how the complex and interconnected armed conflicts in Iraq, Syria and Turkey unfolded during 2021. The situation in Syria remained volatile, with clashes particularly intensive during the third quarter of the year. Iraq remained a fragile state, afflicted by weak institutions and a growing rift between the government and some militias. Iran-backed Shia parties with links to these militias suffered a setback in early parliamentary elections. Turkey’s military operations in northern Iraq continued unabated, as did the protracted conflict in south-east Turkey. In Syria, Turkey and its aligned Syrian militias intensified their attacks in the Kurdish-controlled territory in the north-east. The Idlib ceasefire brokered in 2020 by Russia and Turkey—which cemented their roles as power brokers in Syria—remained in force, while the Kurdish forces in control of the territory in the north-east remained fearful of waning United States influence and the country’s pivot away from the region following the Afghanistan withdrawal.
- Citation (MLA):
- Davis, Ian. "6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 16 Feb. 2025. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780192883032/sipri-9780192883032-chapter-006-div1-029.xml>.
- Citation (APA):
- Davis, I. (2016). 6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2022: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 Feb. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780192883032/sipri-9780192883032-chapter-006-div1-029.xml
- Citation (Chicago):
- Davis, Ian. "6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa." In SIPRI Yearbook 2022: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 16 Feb. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780192883032/sipri-9780192883032-chapter-006-div1-029.xml
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