SIPRI Yearbook 2022
I. The unfolding Covid-19 pandemic
In January 2021, the director-general of the World Health Organization (WHO) called for a collective worldwide commitment to ensure vaccination for health workers and those at high-risk in all countries in the first 100 days of 2021.1 He urged all vaccine manufacturers from around the world to swiftly provide the necessary data to enable the WHO to consider vaccine candidates for emergency use listing. The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine became the first vaccine against Covid-19 to receive emergency use validation, on 31 December 2020.2 The Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine followed suit on 25 January 2021, the AstraZeneca/Oxford vaccine on 15 February 2021, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine on 12 March 2021, and the Sinopharm vaccine on 7 May 2021.3 By the end of 2021, the WHO had listed nine Covid-19 vaccines for emergency use.4
- Citation (MLA):
- Lentzos, Filippa, and Una Jakob. "12. Chemical, biological and health security threats." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 16 Feb. 2025. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780192883032/sipri-9780192883032-chapter-012-div1-063.xml>.
- Citation (APA):
- Lentzos, F., & Jakob, U. (2016). 12. Chemical, biological and health security threats. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2022: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 Feb. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780192883032/sipri-9780192883032-chapter-012-div1-063.xml
- Citation (Chicago):
- Lentzos, Filippa, and Una Jakob. "12. Chemical, biological and health security threats." In SIPRI Yearbook 2022: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 16 Feb. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780192883032/sipri-9780192883032-chapter-012-div1-063.xml
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