About the authors

Chapter:

Source:

SIPRI Yearbook 2022

Author(s):

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

• Dr Lucie Béraud-Sudreau (France) is the Director of the SIPRI Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme, where her work focuses on the dynamics and implications of global military spending, arms production and transfers. Previously, she was a Research Fellow for Defence Economics and Procurements at the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS). Her recent publications include ‘Weighing giants: Taking stock of the expansion of China’s defence industry’, Defence and Peace Economics (2021, co-author); French Arms Exports: The Business of Sovereignty (Routledge, 2020); ‘Mapping the International presence of the world’s largest arms companies’, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security (Dec. 2020, co-author); and ‘Emerging suppliers in the global arms trade’, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security (Dec. 2020, co-author).

• Kolja Brockmann (Germany) is a Researcher in the SIPRI Dual-use and Arms Trade Control Programme. He joined SIPRI in 2017 and conducts research in the fields of export control, non-proliferation and technology governance. He focuses on the multilateral export control regimes, controls on emerging technologies, particularly additive manufacturing, and missile technology. Previously, Brockmann did an internship at the German Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control (BAFA). He received his MA with distinction in Non-Proliferation and International Security from King’s College London. His recent publications include Hypersonic Boost-glide Systems and Hypersonic Cruise Missiles: Challenges for the Missile Technology Control Regime, SIPRI Report (Apr. 2022, co-author); and ‘Implementing the 2021 recast of the EU Dual-use Regulation: Challenges and opportunities’, EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium (Sep. 2021, co-author).

• Mark Bromley (United Kingdom/Sweden) is the Director of the SIPRI Dual-use and Arms Trade Control Programme, where his work focuses on national, regional and International efforts to regulate the International trade in conventional arms and dual-use items. Previously, he was a Policy Analyst for the British American Security Information Council (BASIC). His recent publications include ‘Implementing the 2021 recast of the EU Dual-use Regulation: Challenges and opportunities’, EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium (Sep. 2021, co-author); ‘Sweden’s arms export controls: Balancing support and restraint’ in ed. L. Lustgarten, Law and the Arms Trade: Weapons, Blood and Rules (Hart Publishing, 2020); Reporting on Conventional Arms Transfers and Transfer Controls: Improving Coordination and Increasing Engagement, SIPRI Policy Paper (Aug. 2020, co-author); and Detecting, Investigating and Prosecuting Export Control Violations: European Perspectives on Key Challenges and Good Practices, SIPRI Report (Dec. 2019, co-author).

• Laura Bruun (Denmark) is a Research Assistant at SIPRI, working on emerging military and security technologies. Her focus is on how emerging military technologies, notably autonomous weapon systems (AWS), affect compliance with and interpretation of International humanitarian law. Her areas of expertise include legal issues pertaining to ensuring human accountability in the development and use of AWS, types and degrees of human–machine interaction in decisions to use force and the protection of civilians in modern conflicts. She has a background in Middle Eastern Studies and International Security and Law. Before joining SIPRI, Bruun worked at Airwars in London. Besides co-authoring a forthcoming report on AWS and human responsibility, her recent publications include Autonomous Weapon Systems and International Humanitarian Law: Identifying Limits and the Required Type and Degree of Human–Machine Interaction, SIPRI Report (June 2021, co-author); and Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence: Can the European Union Lead the Way in Developing Best Practice?, SIPRI Report (Nov. 2020, co-author).

• Dr Marina Caparini (Canada) is the Director of the SIPRI Governance and Society Programme. Her research focuses on inclusive peacebuilding and the nexus between security and development. She works on security sector governance, policing and peace operations. Her recent publications include ‘Organized environmental crime: Why it matters for peace operations’, SIPRI Topical Backgrounder (May 2022); ‘Governance challenges of transformative technologies’, Connections Quarterly (Winter 2021, co-author); and ‘Overcoming barriers to grassroots inclusion in peace processes’, SIPRI Commentary (Feb. 2021, co-author). Prior to joining SIPRI in December 2016, Caparini held senior positions at the Norwegian Institute for International Affairs, the International Center for Transitional Justice and the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, and has held numerous consultancies on security sector governance with International and regional organizations, donors and civil society organizations. She holds a PhD in War Studies from King’s College, University of London.

• Dr Ian Davis (United Kingdom) is the Executive Editor of the SIPRI Yearbook and an Associate Senior Fellow within Conflict and Peace at SIPRI. From 2014–16 he was the Director of SIPRI’s Editorial, Publications and Library Department. Prior to joining SIPRI, he held several senior positions and worked as an independent human security and arms control consultant. He has a long record of research and publication on International and regional security, and blogs on NATO-related issues. His recent publications include ‘Towards an open and accountable NATO’ in eds I. Shapiro and A. Tooze, Charter of NATO (Yale University Press, 2018); and ‘How much does the UK spend on nuclear weapons?’, BASIC Research Report (Nov. 2018).

• Dr Tytti Erästö (Finland) is a Senior Researcher in the SIPRI Nuclear Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-proliferation Programme. Her research interests include the Iran nuclear deal, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), efforts to establish a weapons of mass destruction-free zone in the Middle East, United States–Russian arms control, missile defence, and the global disarmament and non-proliferation regime more generally. Previously, she worked at the Ploughshares Fund in Washington, DC; the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School; the Vienna Center for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation; and the Tampere Peace Research Institute in Finland. Her recent publications include ‘Revisiting “minimal nuclear deterrence”: Laying the ground for multilateral nuclear disarmament’ (forthcoming); ‘The logic of avoiding nuclear war’, SIPRI Essay (Feb. 2022, co-author); ‘Time to factor missile defence into arms control talks’, SIPRI Topical Backgrounder (Sep. 2021, co-author); and New Technologies and Nuclear Disarmament: Outlining a Way Forward, SIPRI Report (May 2021).

• Shivan Fazil (Iraq) is a Researcher in the SIPRI Middle East and North Africa Programme. His work mainly focuses on drivers of conflict, peacebuilding and governance in Iraq, where he has worked for over six years with various organizations, most recently with the United States Institute of Peace. He has also featured in the International media, commenting on Iraq’s social, political and security dynamics and the challenges of governance after the military defeat of Islamic State. Fazil holds an MSc in Middle Eastern Politics from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. His recent publications include: Youth Identity, Politics and Change in Contemporary Kurdistan, Transnational Press London (2021, co-editor); ‘Fixing the economy and public service provision in Iraq’, SIPRI Policy Brief (Dec. 2021); Reform within the System: Governance in Iraq and Lebanon, SIPRI Policy Paper (Dec. 2021, co-author); and ‘Youth narratives on hope and despair in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq’, International Journal of Conflict and Violence (forthcoming, co-author).

• Vitaly Fedchenko (Russia) is a Senior Researcher in the SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme, responsible for nuclear security issues and the political, technological and educational dimensions of nuclear arms control and non-proliferation. He is the author or co-author of multiple publications on nuclear forensics, nuclear security, International non-proliferation and disarmament assistance, nuclear forces and the International nuclear fuel cycle.

• Dr Alexander Graef (Germany) is a Researcher working within the Arms Control and Emerging Technologies research area at the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy (IFSH) at the University of Hamburg. His research focuses on Russian foreign and defence policy, conventional arms control in Europe and sociological approaches to the study of International security. Prior to joining IFSH, he was a Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) Doc.Mobility Fellow at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow. He holds a PhD from the University of St Gallen. His recent publications include Beyond Stability: The Politics of Conventional Arms Control in Europe, ZeFKo (2022); Influential or Irrelevant? The Role of Foreign Policy Think Tanks in Russia, ISPI (2021); and Open Skies in the Arctic: Challenges and Opportunities, ELN (2021, co-author).

• Annelies Hickendorff (Netherlands) is a Research Assistant in the SIPRI Sahel/West Africa Programme. She has been involved in multiple studies contributing to a better understanding of local security perceptions in the region. Prior to joining SIPRI, she was a Rotary Peace Fellow in African Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Bradford, UK, and worked for various International non-governmental organizations and United Nations agencies in Cameroon, Kenya, Mali and Senegal.

• Dr Una Jakob (Germany) is a Senior Researcher in the International Security research department at the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF). Her research interests include the disarmament and non-proliferation of chemical and biological weapons (CBW), with a particular focus on CBW norm dynamics, regime evolution and investigations of alleged CBW use. She is the co-convenor of an interdisciplinary German working group on CBW disarmament and non-proliferation, has advised German Government and European Union agencies on CBW-related issues, and is a member of the research network CBWNet, where she directs a sub-project on compliance with and enforcement of CBW prohibition norms.

• Matt Korda (Canada) is an Associate Researcher with the SIPRI Nuclear Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-proliferation Programme, and a Senior Research Associate and Project Manager with the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists (FAS). He co-authors the FAS Nuclear Notebook in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and has contributed chapters on world nuclear forces to the SIPRI Yearbook. Previously, Korda worked for NATO’s Arms Control, Disarmament and WMD Non-Proliferation Centre in Brussels. He received his MA in International Peace & Security from the Department of War Studies at King’s College London. His work has been widely published and quoted in The New York Times, The Washington Post, Forbes, CBC, Politico, The Nation, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, and others. His research interests and recent publications focus on nuclear deterrence and disarmament, progressive foreign policy, and the nexus between nuclear weapons, climate change and injustice.

• Hans M. Kristensen (Denmark) is the Director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists (FAS) in Washington, DC, and a SIPRI Associate Senior Fellow. He is a frequent consultant to the news media and institutes on nuclear weapon matters, and is co-author of the FAS Nuclear Notebook in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Prior to joining FAS, Kristensen was a consultant to the nuclear programme at the Natural Resources Defense Council, a programme officer at the Nautilus Institute, and a special adviser to the Danish Ministry of Defence. His recent publications include ‘China’s strategic systems and programs’, in China’s Strategic Arsenal: Worldview, Doctrine, and Systems (Georgetown University Press, 2021); ‘British defense review ends nuclear reduction era’, FAS (Mar. 2021); ‘US deploys new low-yield submarine warhead’, FAS (Jan. 2020); and ‘Is the Pentagon exaggerating Russia’s tactical nuclear weapons?’, Forbes.com (May 2019).

• Alexandra Kuimova (Russia) is a Researcher in the SIPRI Arms Transfers Programme. Her areas of research include the monitoring of arms transfers, military spending and the arms industry, as well as foreign and defence policies, with a particular focus on the Middle East and North Africa, Russia and Eastern Europe. Before joining SIPRI, Kuimova was an intern in the Department of New Challenges and Threats at the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. She has also completed summer internships at Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Morocco, and Cairo University, Egypt. Her recent publications include ‘Transfers of major arms to Afghanistan between 2001 and 2020’, SIPRI Topical Backgrounder (Sep. 2021, co-author); and ‘Trends in International arms transfers, 2021’, SIPRI Fact Sheet (Mar. 2022, co-author).

• Dr Moritz Kütt (Germany) is a Senior Researcher at the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg, working within the Arms Control and Emerging Technologies research area. He also is a Visiting Researcher with the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University. In his research, he develops new approaches and innovative tools for verification of nuclear arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament agreements. These approaches and tools seek, in particular, to enable nonnuclear weapon states to participate effectively in such verification activities.

• Dr Filippa Lentzos (Norway) is a Senior Lecturer in Science & International Security at King’s College London, where she is jointly appointed in the Department of War Studies and the Department of Global Health & Social Medicine. A biologist and social scientist by training, her research critically examines biological threats, health security, biorisk management and biological arms control, and she has written widely on these issues. Lentzos serves as the Director of King’s MA in Science & International Security. She is also an Associate Senior Researcher within Armament and Disarmament at SIPRI and a Non-Resident Scholar at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS), and she serves as the NGO Coordinator for the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention.

• Xiao Liang (China) is a Research Assistant in the SIPRI Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme. He collects and analyses data on military spending and the arms industry. His research areas cover the opportunity costs and reduction of military spending, the relationship between military aid and development assistance, and regional trends in the Asia-Pacific. Prior to joining SIPRI, he worked with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), UN Women and Save the Children Sweden, where he focused on a range of issues including development aid, monitoring and evaluation, and child labour. He received a dual Master’s degree from Columbia University and Sciences Po Paris. His recent publications include ‘Trends in world military expenditure, 2021’, SIPRI Fact Sheet (Apr. 2022, co-author); and ‘OECD development co-operation peer reviews: European Union 2018’, OECD (Dec. 2018, co-author).

• Dr Jaïr van der Lijn (Netherlands) is the Director of the SIPRI Peace Operations and Conflict Management Programme. He is also an Associate Fellow at the Radboud University Nijmegen. His research interests include current trends and future developments in peace operations (e.g. African Union, European Union, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, United Nations), their handling of complex environments and non-traditional security challenges, their evaluation and factors for success and failure, comprehensive approaches in missions, and their relationship with local populations and host governments. His recent publications include EU Military Training Missions: A Synthesis Report, SIPRI Report (May 2022, lead author); and The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Multilateral Peace Operations, SIPRI Report (May 2022).

• Dr Diego Lopes da Silva (Brazil) is a Senior Researcher in the SIPRI Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme. He holds a PhD in Peace, Defence and International Security Studies from São Paulo State University. His publications have addressed the arms trade, arms production and transparency in military expenditure. Prior to SIPRI, he held research positions at the Institute for Public Policy and International Relations (IPPRI) of São Paulo State University and at the Latin American Network on Defense and Security (RESDAL). His recent publications include ‘Pathways for reducing military spending in post-civil conflict settings’, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security (Jan. 2021, lead author); and ‘Trends in world military expenditure, 2021’, SIPRI Fact Sheet (Apr. 2022, lead author).

• Giovanna Maletta (Italy) is a Researcher in the SIPRI Dual-use and Arms Trade Control Programme. Her research covers issues related to the implementation of International and regional instruments in the field of arms export controls, with a particular focus on the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and the European Union (EU) and its member states. Her work also involves mapping cooperation and assistance activities in the field of arms transfer and small arms and light weapons (SALW) controls and of relevance to the implementation of the ATT. Further, Maletta coordinates activities related to SIPRI’s role in the EU Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Consortium. Her most recent publications include ‘Seeking a responsible arms trade to reduce human suffering in Yemen’, The International Spectator (Feb. 2021); and Taking Stock of the Arms Trade Treaty: Achievements, Challenges and Ways Forward, SIPRI Policy Report (Dec. 2021, co-author).

• Alexandra Marksteiner (Austria/Germany) is a Researcher in the SIPRI Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme. In this capacity, she collects and analyses data on military spending and the arms industry. Among her areas of research are the International presence of arms companies, the evolution of the United States arms industry, disaggregated military spending data and trends in transatlantic military expenditure. Prior to joining SIPRI, she interned with the Security and Strategy Team at the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC. She has also worked for the Atlantic Council, the German Federal Foreign Office and the United Nations Department of Peace Operations. During her graduate studies at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), she focused on the nexus between International security and multilateral cooperation.

• Dr Zia Mian (United States) is the Co-Director of the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University’s School of Public and International Affairs. A physicist, his work focuses on nuclear weapon non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament, and nuclear energy issues. He is co-editor of the journal Science & Global Security and co-chair of the International Panel on Fissile Materials. He is also a co-founder and member of the steering committee of the Physicists Coalition for Nuclear Threat Reduction and serves on the board of the Arms Control Association and the United Nations Secretary-General’s Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters. His recent work has focused on supporting the implementation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. He has contributed to the SIPRI Yearbook on Fissile materials since 2007.

• Dr Claudia Pfeifer Cruz (Brazil) is a Researcher in the SIPRI Peace Operations and Conflict Management Programme. Her research focuses on global developments in peace operations, peace operations and human rights, and women’s participation in peace operations; and she maintains SIPRI’s database on multilateral peace operations. Prior to joining SIPRI, she was a Visiting Research Fellow at Brown University (United States) and a Teaching Assistant at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (Switzerland).

• Dr Pavel Podvig (Russia) is a Researcher in the Program on Science and Global Security at Princeton University and a Senior Researcher at the United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR). He began his work on security issues at the Center for Arms Control Studies at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), which was the first independent research organization in Russia dedicated to analysis of technical issues related to arms control and disarmament. Podvig directs his own research project, Russian Nuclear Forces (RussianForces.org). He is also a co-editor of Science & Global Security and a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials.

• Allison Pytlak (Canada) is the Disarmament Programme Manager for the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF). In this role, she contributes to the organization’s monitoring and analysis of United Nations disarmament processes, including those on cybersecurity, as well as to its research and advocacy to advance feminist perspectives on International security issues. Pytlak has worked within International civil society movements for more than a decade, focusing on issues of arms control and disarmament. She holds has a BA in International Relations from the University of Toronto and an MA, also in International Relations, from the City University of New York. Her graduate research focused on interstate cyber conflict, and subsequent relevant research and writing have focused on cyber governance and diplomacy, the gender dimensions of cybersecurity and the role of nongovernmental stakeholders.

• Nivedita Raju (India) is a Researcher in the SIPRI Weapons of Mass Destruction Programme. She conducts research on space security and gender issues. She volunteers as Director of Legal Affairs at the non-profit Space Court Foundation. Previously, she was a mentor in the United Nations Space4Women programme, a Research Fellow at Open Lunar Foundation, and a Research Assistant for the Manual on International Law Applicable to Military Uses of Outer Space (MILAMOS). Raju was also an adviser for Schools of Equality, a non-profit that conducts gender-sensitization training in Indian schools. Her subject expertise is space law and policy, space security, International law and feminist legal theory; and her regional expertise is India, South Asia and the Middle East.

• Dr Lora Saalman (United States) is a Senior Researcher within SIPRI’s Armament and Disarmament, and Conflict, Peace and Security research areas. She also serves as a Member of the Committee on International Security and Arms Control (CISAC) and as an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the East-West Center (EWC). Formerly, she served as Vice President of the Asia-Pacific Program at the EastWest Institute and as Director of the China and Global Security Programme at SIPRI. She has also worked at the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, Tsinghua University, the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control, Observer Research Foundation, and the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, from which she earned a one-year fellowship at the International Atomic Energy Agency.

• Timo Smit (Netherlands/Sweden) is a Senior Researcher in the SIPRI Peace Operations and Conflict Management Programme. He is in charge of SIPRI’s database on multilateral peace operations and conducts research on trends in peace operations and various related thematic issues. Before joining SIPRI in 2014, he worked for the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. His recent research has focused on, among other things, civilian crisis management and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP).

• Dan Smith (Sweden/United Kingdom) is the Director of SIPRI. He has a long record of research and publication on a wide range of conflict and peace issues. His current work focuses on the relationship between climate change and insecurity, on peace and security issues in the Middle East and North East Asia, and on global conflict trends. He served four years in the United Nations Peacebuilding Fund Advisory Group, two of which (2010–11) were as the Chair. From 2014 to 2017 he was also a Professor of Peace & Conflict at the University of Manchester. He is the author of successive editions of atlases of politics, war and peace, and the Middle East, and of a blog on International politics.

• Dr Issaka K. Souaré (Guinea) is an Associate Senior Researcher working with the SIPRI Sahel/West Africa Programme. With about 20 years of work experience on peace and security issues, his current work focuses on conflict and peace, as well as governance dynamics in Africa. He is also a member of the Expert Advisory Group of the Peace Treaty Initiative of the Madrid-based Institute for Integrated Transitions (IFIT), a Senior Research Associate at the Department of Politics and Global Studies at Rhodes University in South Africa, and a Visiting Lecturer at the General Lansana Conté University-Sonfonia in Conakry, Guinea. Prior to joining SIPRI in July 2021, Souaré served for five years on the United Nations Standby Team of Senior Mediation Advisors and for about three years as Special Adviser to the African Union High Representative for Mali and the Sahel based in Bamako.

• Fei Su (China) is a Researcher in the SIPRI China and Asia Security Programme. She joined SIPRI as a Research Assistant in March 2015 and was based in Beijing. Prior to joining SIPRI, she lived and studied in Seoul for three years, where she strengthened her fluency in Korean. She holds an MA in Public Administration from the Graduate School of Public Administration at Seoul National University, focusing on governance. She wrote her Korean-language dissertation on the impact of government size on corruption in China. Her research interests focus on regional security issues in East Asia, with a special interest in North Korea, China’s foreign and security policy, and maritime affairs.

• Dr Nan Tian (South Africa) is a Senior Researcher in the SIPRI Military Expenditure and Arms Production Programme, where he leads the Military Expenditure Project. His regions of expertise are Africa and East Asia, with research interests focused on the causes and impact of military expenditure and civil conflict, and the issues relating to transparency and accountability in military budgeting, spending and procurement. Previously, he was a Macroeconomics Lecturer at the University of Cape Town. He has published in Defence and Peace Economics, The Economics of Peace and Security Journal and Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy.

• Dr Andrea Edoardo Varisco (Italy/United Kingdom) is the Director of the SIPRI Arms Transfers Programme. He has worked as Acting Director of the SIPRI Dual-use and Arms Trade Control Programme and as Head of Analytics for Conflict Armament Research. He has a PhD in Post-war Recovery Studies from the University of York and field research experience in conflict-affected countries in the Middle East, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Varisco has authored and co-authored analytical reports on arms control and weapons and ammunition management. His recent publications include ‘Taking stock of the Arms Trade Treaty: A summary of policy options’, SIPRI Policy Brief (Dec. 2021, co-author); ‘Post-shipment on-site inspections of military materiel: Challenges and responses’, SIPRI Policy Brief (Dec. 2021, co-author); and Taking Stock of the Arms Trade Treaty: Achievements, Challenges and Ways Forward, SIPRI Policy Paper (Dec. 2021, co-author).

• Pieter D. Wezeman (Netherlands/Sweden) is a Senior Researcher in the SIPRI Arms Transfers Programme. He has contributed to many SIPRI publications since 1994, including SIPRI’s annual reviews of global trends in arms transfers, arms industry, military expenditure and multilateral arms embargoes. Among other things, he has published on transparency in military matters, military expenditure and capabilities in the Middle East, arms flows to Africa, and the European arms industry. In 2003–2006 he also worked as a Senior Analyst on arms proliferation for the Dutch Ministry of Defence, and in 2017 as a Technical Expert for the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts during a review of the UN Report on Military Expenditure.

• Siemon T. Wezeman (Netherlands) is a Senior Researcher in the SIPRI Arms Transfers Programme. His areas of research include the monitoring of arms transfers—with a particular regional focus on the Asia–Pacific, former Soviet regions and South Western Europe—and the use of weapons in conflicts, transparency in arms transfers, and the development of conventional military technologies and doctrines. His recent publications include ‘Transparency in arms procurement’, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security (Oct. 2020, co-author); ‘Mapping the International presence of the world’s largest arms companies’, SIPRI Insights on Peace and Security (Dec. 2020, co-author); Arms Flows to South East Asia, SIPRI Report (Dec. 2019); and ‘Trends in International arms transfers, 2021’, SIPRI Fact Sheet (Mar. 2022, co-author).

• Dr Jingdong Yuan (United States/Canada) is an Associate Professor at the Centre for International Security Studies, University of Sydney, and an Associate Senior Fellow at SIPRI. His research focuses on Indo–Pacific security, Chinese foreign policy, Sino–Indian relations, China–European Union relations, and nuclear arms control and non-proliferation. He is the co-author of Chinese Cruise Missiles: A Quiet Force-Multiplier (2014), and China and India: Cooperation or Conflict? (2003); and the co-editor of Trump’s America and International Relations in the Indo-Pacific (2021), and Australia and China at 40 (2012). Yuan’s publications have appeared in Asian Survey, Australian Journal of International Affairs, Contemporary Security Policy, International Affairs, International Journal, Journal of Contemporary China, Journal of International Affairs, Nonproliferation Review, Washington Quarterly, and in many edited volumes.