Contents

SIPRI Yearbook 2018

Contents
Preface
Abbreviations and conventions
- Conventions
- Geographical regions and subregions
SIPRI Yearbook online
Introduction
1. Introduction: International stability and human security in 2017
- I. Nuclear weapons in international politics
- II. International tensions and shifting dynamics of power
- III. Human security and insecurity
- IV. The prospects for international institutions
Part I. Armed conflict and conflict management, 2017
2. Armed conflicts and peace processes
- Overview
- I. Tracking armed conflicts and peace processes in 2017
- II. Armed conflict in the Americas
- III. Armed conflict in Asia and Oceania
- IV. Armed conflict in Europe
- V. Armed conflict in the Middle East and North Africa
- VI. Armed conflict in sub-Saharan Africa
3. Peace operations and conflict management
- Overview
- I. Global trends and developments in peace operations
- II. Regional trends and developments in peace operations
- III. Multilateral non-peace operations
- IV. Table of multilateral peace operations, 2017
Part II. Military spending and armaments, 2017
4. Military expenditure
- Overview
- I. Global developments in military expenditure
- II. Debt, oil price and military expenditure
- III. Transparency in military expenditure
5. International arms transfers and developments in arms production
- Overview
- I. Developments in arms transfers, 2017
- II. Transparency in arms transfers
- III. The financial value of states’ arms exports
- IV. Arms production and military services
6. World nuclear forces
- Overview
- I. US nuclear forces
- II. Russian nuclear forces
- III. British nuclear forces
- IV. French nuclear forces
- V. Chinese nuclear forces
- VI. Indian nuclear forces
- VII. Pakistani nuclear forces
- VIII. Israeli nuclear forces
- IX. North Korea’s military nuclear capabilities
- X. Global stocks and production of fissile materials, 2017
- XI. Nuclear explosions, 1945–2017
Part III. Non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament, 2017
7. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation
- Overview
- I. Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
- II. Russian–United States nuclear arms control
- III. Developments in multilateral nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation
- IV. International non-proliferation sanctions against North Korea
- V. Implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action in Iran
8. Chemical and biological security threats
- Overview
- I. Allegations of use of chemical weapons in Syria
- II. Allegations of use of chemical weapons in Iraq and by North Korea
- III. Chemical arms control and disarmament
- IV. Biological arms control
9. Conventional arms control
- Overview
- I. The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons
- II. The Anti‑Personnel Mines Convention
- III. The Convention on Cluster Munitions
10. Dual-use and arms trade controls
- Overview
- I. The Arms Trade Treaty
- II. Multilateral embargoes on arms and dual-use items
- III. The export control regimes
- IV. Controls on intangible transfers of technology and additive manufacturing
Annexes
Annex A. Arms control and disarmament agreements
- I. Universal treaties
- II. Regional treaties
- III. Bilateral treaties
Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
- I. Bodies with a global focus or membership
- II. Bodies with a regional focus or membership
- III. Strategic trade control regimes
Annex C. Chronology 2017
About the authors
Errata
- Errata

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SIPRI Yearbook 2018

V. Armed conflict in the Middle East and North Africa

Chapter:: 2. Armed conflicts and peace processes
Source:: SIPRI Yearbook 2018
Author(s):: Dan Smith

There were seven active armed conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa in 2017: Egypt, Iraq, Israel and Palestine, Libya, Syria, Turkey, and Yemen. Many of these conflicts are interconnected and involve regional and international powers as well as numerous substate actors.¹ Key regional developments in 2017 included the continuing fallout from the Arab Spring; the regional rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia; and the territorial losses of the Islamic State group. This section first examines these developments and then gives accounts of each of the armed conflicts in 2017.

Citation (MLA):: Smith, Dan. "2. Armed conflicts and peace processes." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 21 Mar. 2025. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198821557/sipri-9780198821557-chapter-2-div1-013.xml>.
Citation (APA):: Smith, D. (2016). 2. Armed conflicts and peace processes. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2018: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 Mar. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198821557/sipri-9780198821557-chapter-2-div1-013.xml
Citation (Chicago):: Smith, Dan. "2. Armed conflicts and peace processes." In SIPRI Yearbook 2018: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 21 Mar. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198821557/sipri-9780198821557-chapter-2-div1-013.xml

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