Contents

SIPRI Yearbook 2019

Contents
Preface
Abbreviations and conventions
- Conventions
- Geographical regions and subregions
SIPRI Yearbook online
Introduction
1. Introduction: International stability and human security in 2018
- I. The crisis of nuclear arms control
- II. Nuclear non-proliferation concerns
- III. The use of chemical weapons
- IV. International tensions and the dynamics of power
- V. Human security and international cooperation
- VI. In conclusion: The 50th edition of the Yearbook
Part I. Armed conflict and conflict management, 2018
2. Armed conflict and peace processes
- Overview
- I. Tracking armed conflicts and peace processes in 2018
- II. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas
- III. Armed conflict and peace processes in Asia and Oceania
- IV. Armed conflict and peace processes in Europe
- V. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa
- VI. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
3. Peace operations and conflict management
- Overview
- I. Global trends and developments in peace operations
- II. Regional trends and developments in peace operations
- III. Table of multilateral peace operations, 2018
Part II. Military spending and armaments, 2018
4. Military expenditure
- Overview
- I. Global developments in military expenditure
- II. Transparency in military expenditure
5. International arms transfers and developments in arms production
- Overview
- I. Global trends in arms transfers, 2018
- II. Supplier developments, 2018
- III. Recipient developments, 2018
- IV. Transparency in arms transfers
- V. The financial value of states’ arms exports
- VI. Arms production and military services
6. World nuclear forces
- Overview
- I. US nuclear forces
- II. Russian nuclear forces
- III. British nuclear forces
- IV. French nuclear forces
- V. Chinese nuclear forces
- VI. Indian nuclear forces
- VII. Pakistani nuclear forces
- VIII. Israeli nuclear forces
- IX. North Korea’s military nuclear capabilities
- X. Global stocks and production of fissile materials, 2018
Part III. Non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament, 2018
7. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation
- Overview
- I. North Korean–US nuclear diplomacy
- II. US–Russian nuclear arms control and disarmament
- III. Implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
- IV. Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
- V. Other developments related to multilateral treaties and initiatives on nuclear arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation
8. Chemical and biological security threats
- Overview
- I. Allegations of use of chemical weapons in Syria
- II. The Skripal case: Assassination attempt in the United Kingdom using a toxic chemical
- III. Chemical weapons: Arms control and disarmament
- IV. Biological weapon disarmament and non-proliferation
9. Global instruments for conventional arms control
- Overview
- I. The Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons and lethal autonomous weapon systems
- II. Anti-Personnel Mines and Cluster Munitions
- III. Control measures on small arms and light weapons
- IV. The UN Secretary-General’s launch of a new disarmament agenda
- V. Cyber arms control and resilience
10. Dual-use and arms trade controls
- Overview
- I. The Arms Trade Treaty
- II. Multilateral embargoes on arms and dual-use items
- III. The export control regimes
- IV. Developments in the European Union’s dual-use and arms trade controls
- V. Controlling technology transfers and foreign direct investment: The limits of export controls
Annexes
Annex A. Arms control and disarmament agreements
- I. Universal treaties
- II. Regional treaties
- III. Bilateral treaties
Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
- I. Bodies with a global focus or membership
- II. Bodies with a regional focus or membership
- III. Strategic trade control regimes
Annex C. Chronology 2018
About the authors

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SIPRI Yearbook 2019

II. US–Russian nuclear arms control and disarmament

Chapter:: 7. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation
Source:: SIPRI Yearbook 2019
Author(s):: Tytti Erästö, Shannon N. Kile, Petr Topychkanov

In 2018 the slowly collapsing Russian–US nuclear arms control and disarmament agenda was close to losing another key pillar. In October, the USA announced that it would formally withdraw from the 1987 Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles (INF Treaty) if Russia failed to promptly address US compliance concerns.¹ The year ended with growing pessimism that neither party would take steps to resolve mutual accusations of INF Treaty non-compliance and preserve the agreement. There were more positive developments relating to Russia and the USA completing the implementation of the 2010 Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START) by the specified deadline.² However, the prospects for sustaining this progress by negotiating deeper reductions in deployed strategic nuclear forces beyond those mandated by New START seemed remote. This section describes developments with regard to the INF Treaty and New START in 2018.

Citation (MLA):: Erästö, Tytti, Shannon N. Kile, and Petr Topychkanov. "7. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 16 Jun. 2025. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198839996/sipri-9780198839996-chapter-7-div1-046.xml>.
Citation (APA):: Erästö, T., Kile, S., & Topychkanov, P. (2016). 7. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2019: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 Jun. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198839996/sipri-9780198839996-chapter-7-div1-046.xml
Citation (Chicago):: Erästö, Tytti, Shannon N. Kile, and Petr Topychkanov. "7. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation." In SIPRI Yearbook 2019: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 16 Jun. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198839996/sipri-9780198839996-chapter-7-div1-046.xml

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