Contents

SIPRI Yearbook 2020

Contents
Preface
Abbreviations and conventions
- Abbreviations and conventions
- Conventions
- Geographical regions and subregions
SIPRI Yearbook online
Introduction
1. Introduction: International stability and human security in 2019
- I. Flashpoints
- II. Arms control
- III. Climate change
- IV. The international system and law
Part I. Armed conflict and conflict management, 2019
2. Global developments in armed conflict, peace processes and peace operations
- Overview
- I. Tracking armed conflicts and peace processes
- II. Global and regional trends and developments in multilateral peace operations
- III. Table of multilateral peace operations, 2019
3. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Americas
- Overview
- I. Key general developments in the region
- II. Armed conflict and the peace process in Colombia
- III. Armed conflict in Mexico
4. Armed conflict and peace processes in Asia and Oceania
- Overview
- I. Key general developments in the region
- II. Armed conflict and peace processes in South Asia
- III. Armed conflict and peace processes in South East Asia
5. Armed conflict and peace processes in Europe
- Overview
- I. Key general developments in the region
- II. Armed conflict and the peace process in Ukraine
6. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Middle East and North Africa
- Overview
- I. Key general developments in the region
- II. Armed conflict and peace processes in Iraq, Syria and Turkey
- III. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict and peace process
- IV. Armed conflict and peace processes in North Africa
- V. Armed conflict and peace processes in Yemen
7. Armed conflict and peace processes in sub-Saharan Africa
- Overview
- I. Key general developments in the region
- II. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Sahel and Lake Chad region
- III. Armed conflict and peace processes in Central Africa
- IV. Armed conflict and peace processes in the Horn of Africa
Part II. Military spending and armaments, 2019
8. Military expenditure
- Overview
- I. Global developments in military expenditure, 2019
- II. Regional developments in military expenditure, 2019
- III. Spending on military equipment by European members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- IV. Transparency in military expenditure
9. International arms transfers and developments in arms production
- Overview
- I. Developments among the suppliers of major arms, 2015–19
- II. Developments among the recipients of major arms, 2015–19
- III. Transparency in arms transfers
- IV. The financial value of states’ arms exports
- V. The 100 largest arms-producing and military services companies, 2018
10. World nuclear forces
- Overview
- I. US nuclear forces
- II. Russian nuclear forces
- III. British nuclear forces
- IV. French nuclear forces
- V. Chinese nuclear forces
- VI. Indian nuclear forces
- VII. Pakistani nuclear forces
- VIII. Israeli nuclear forces
- IX. North Korea’s military nuclear capabilities
- X. Global stocks and production of fissile materials, 2019
Part III. Non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament, 2019
11. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation
- Overview
- I. Russian–United States nuclear arms control and disarmament
- II. North Korean–United States nuclear diplomacy
- III. Implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
- IV. Multilateral nuclear arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation treaties and initiatives
12. Chemical and biological security threats
- Overview
- I. Allegations of use of chemical weapons in Syria
- II. Use of novichok agents
- III. Chemical arms control and disarmament
- IV. Biological weapon disarmament and non-proliferation
13. Conventional arms control and new weapon technologies
- Overview
- I. Global instruments for conventional arms control
- II. The group of governmental experts on lethal autonomous weapon systems
- III. Creeping towards an arms race in outer space
14. Dual-use and arms trade controls
- Overview
- I. The Arms Trade Treaty
- II. Multilateral arms embargoes
- III. The multilateral export control regimes
- IV. Developments in the European Union’s dual-use and arms trade controls
Annexes
Annex A. Arms control and disarmament agreements
- I. Universal treaties
- II. Regional treaties
- III. Bilateral treaties
Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
- I. Bodies with a global focus or membership
- II. Bodies with a regional focus or membership
- III. Strategic trade control regimes
Annex C. Chronology 2019
About the authors

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SIPRI Yearbook 2020

II. Regional developments in military expenditure, 2019

Chapter:: 8. Military expenditure
Source:: SIPRI Yearbook 2020
Author(s):: Nan Tian

The global total military expenditure of US$1917 billion in 2019 was not evenly distributed among the world’s regions.¹ One region—the Americas—accounted for more than two-fifths (43 per cent) of the world total. This was followed by Asia and Oceania with 27 per cent and Europe with 19 per cent. The Middle East is estimated to have accounted for about 9.4 per cent of the total.² Spending by African countries was the lowest of all the regions, with only 2.1 per cent of global military expenditure in 2019.

Citation (MLA):: Tian, Nan. "8. Military expenditure." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 5 Dec. 2024. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198869207/sipri-9780198869207-chapter-008-div1-084.xml>.
Citation (APA):: Tian, N. (2016). 8. Military expenditure. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2020: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 5 Dec. 2024, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198869207/sipri-9780198869207-chapter-008-div1-084.xml
Citation (Chicago):: Tian, Nan. "8. Military expenditure." In SIPRI Yearbook 2020: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 5 Dec. 2024, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198869207/sipri-9780198869207-chapter-008-div1-084.xml

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