Contents

SIPRI Yearbook 2024

Contents
Preface
Abbreviations and conventions
SIPRI Yearbook online
Introduction
1. Introduction: International stability and human security in 2023
- I. World order
- II. A disordered world
- III. Laws and norms in question
- IV. International security and stability in question
- V. International instability, insecurity and the ecological crisis
- VI. Cooperation and security
Part I. Armed conflict and conflict management, 2023
2. Trends in armed conflict
- Overview
- I. Global trends and regional developments in armed conflict
- II. Peace processes
- III. Armed conflicts active in 2023
3. Multilateral peace operations
- Overview
- I. Global trends and developments in peace operations
- II. Organizations conducting multilateral peace operations
- III. The way forward for multilateral peace operations
- IV. Table of multilateral peace operations, 2023
4. Thematic issues in armed conflict
- Overview
- I. The role of the Wagner Group and other Russian private military and security companies in armed conflicts in 2023
- II. Food systems and geopolitics
- III. Climate, peace and security in Yemen
Part II. Military spending and armaments, 2023
5. Military expenditure and developments in arms production
- Overview
- I. Global developments in military expenditure, 2023
- II. Regional developments in military expenditure, 2023
- III. The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing and military services companies, 2022: Regional and national developments
- IV. The arms industry facing rising demand
6. International arms transfers
- Overview
- I. Global trends in arms transfers, 2019–23
- II. Developments among the suppliers of major arms, 2019–23
- III. Developments among the recipients of major arms, 2019–23
7. World nuclear forces
- Overview
- I. United States nuclear forces
- II. Russian nuclear forces
- III. British nuclear forces
- IV. French nuclear forces
- V. Chinese nuclear forces
- VI. Indian nuclear forces
- VII. Pakistani nuclear forces
- VIII. North Korean nuclear forces
- IX. Israeli nuclear forces
- X. Global stocks and production of fissile materials, 2023
Part III. Non-proliferation, arms control and disarmament, 2023
8. Nuclear disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation
- Overview
- I. Nuclear arms control involving China, Russia and the United States
- II. Multilateral nuclear arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation treaties and initiatives
- III. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on Iran’s nuclear programme
- IV. Attacks on nuclear installations in Ukraine and the response missions of the International Atomic Energy Agency
9. Chemical, biological and health security threats
- Overview
- I. Allegations of and reactions to chemical weapon use
- II. Chemical weapon control and disarmament
- III. Biological weapon disarmament and non-proliferation
- IV. Health security
10. Conventional arms control and the regulation of inhumane weapons
- Overview
- I. Multilateral regulation of inhumane weapons and other conventional weapons of humanitarian concern
- II. Explosive weapons and the protection of civilians during the Russia–Ukraine and Israel–Hamas wars
- III. Arms control, non-proliferation and use of missiles
- IV. The end of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe
- V. The Global Framework for Through-life Conventional Ammunition Management
- VI. International transparency in arms procurement and military expenditure as confidence-building measures
11. International governance of artificial intelligence, cyberspace and outer space
- Overview
- I. Governing the impact of artificial intelligence on international peace and security
- II. Governance of cyberspace and the malicious use of information and communications technology
- III. Developments in space security governance
12. Dual-use and arms trade controls
- Overview
- I. The Arms Trade Treaty
- II. Multilateral arms embargoes
- III. The multilateral export control regimes
- IV. Developments in the European Union’s dual-use and arms trade controls
Annexes
Annex A. Arms control and disarmament agreements
- I. Universal treaties
- II. Regional treaties
- III. Bilateral treaties
Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
- I. Bodies with a global focus or membership
- II. Bodies with a regional focus or membership
- III. Strategic trade control regimes
Annex C. Chronology 2023
About the authors

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SIPRI Yearbook 2024

7. World nuclear forces

Chapter:: 7. World nuclear forces
Source:: SIPRI Yearbook 2024
Author(s):: Hans M. Kristensen, Matt Korda, Friederike Frieß, Moritz Kütt, Zia Mian, Pavel Podvig

At the start of 2024, nine states—the United States, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea) and Israel—together possessed approximately 12 121 nuclear weapons, of which 9585 were considered to be potentially operationally available. An estimated 3904 of these warheads were deployed with operational forces (see table 7.1), including about 2100 that were kept in a state of high operational alert—about 100 more than the previous year.

Citation (MLA):: Kristensen, Hans M., Matt Korda, Friederike Frieß, Moritz Kütt, Zia Mian, and Pavel Podvig. "7. World nuclear forces." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 21 May. 2025. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198930570/sipri-9780198930570-chapter-007.xml>.
Citation (APA):: Kristensen, H., Korda, M., Frieß, F., Kütt, M., Mian, Z., & Podvig, P. (2016). 7. World nuclear forces. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2024: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 21 May. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198930570/sipri-9780198930570-chapter-007.xml
Citation (Chicago):: Kristensen, Hans M., Matt Korda, Friederike Frieß, Moritz Kütt, Zia Mian, and Pavel Podvig. "7. World nuclear forces." In SIPRI Yearbook 2024: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 21 May. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780198930570/sipri-9780198930570-chapter-007.xml

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