- SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Abstracts
- Abbreviations and conventions
- I. Overview
- II. SIPRI Yearbook 2010: highlights and findings
- III. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Staged reductions in Russian and US nuclear weapons
- III. Broadening the circle: involving other nuclear-armed states in a campaign to eliminate nuclear weapons
- IV. Ancillary agreements necessary to support and sustain a world without nuclear weapons
- V. Deterrence in a world without nuclear weapons
- VI. Governance and institution building: how much must change?
- VII. How political and doctrinal changes pave the way for international agreements: the US case
- VIII. Conclusions: looking ahead
- I. Introduction
- II. Crime and criminal violence: data, methodology and global trends
- III. Transnational crime in armed conflict settings
- IV. A new type of armed conflict?
- V. Conclusions
- I. Global patterns in major armed conflicts
- II. Regional patterns
- III. Changes in the table of conflicts for 2009
- IV. Definitions, sources and methods
- I. Introduction
- II. Highlights and changes
- III. Methodology and data sources
- IV. Investigating the set of potential determinants
- I. Introduction
- II. Addressing the civilian capacity gap in peace operations
- III. The UN Mission in Sudan
- IV. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Global trends
- III. Regional trends
- IV. Table of multilateral peace operations
- I. Introduction
- II. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- III. The European Union
- IV. Renewing pan-European security cooperation?
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Africa
- III. Latin America
- IV. The Middle East
- V. Asia and Oceania
- VI. Europe
- VII. North America
- VIII. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Regional trends and major spenders
- III. Tables of military expenditure
- I. Introduction
- II. The reporting systems
- III. Trends in reporting military expenditure, 2001–2009
- IV. The reporting of military expenditure data in 2009
- I. Introduction
- II. The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2008
- III. Mergers and acquisitions, 2009
- IV. The limited impact of the financial crisis on the arms industry
- V. Conclusions: continuity despite the crisis
- I. Selection criteria and sources of data
- II. Definitions
- III. Calculations
- Appendix 6B. Major arms industry acquisitions, 2009
- I. Introduction
- II. Major supplier developments, 2009
- III. Arms transfers to North Africa
- IV. Arms transfers to Iraq
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Sources and methods for arms transfers data
- Appendix 7B. The financial value of the arms trade, 1999–2008
- I. Introduction
- II. The United Nations Register of Conventional Arms
- III. National and regional reports on arms exports
- IV. Publishing information on brokering licences
- I. Introduction
- II. US nuclear forces
- III. Russian nuclear forces
- IV. British nuclear forces
- V. French nuclear forces
- VI. Chinese nuclear forces
- VII. Indian nuclear forces
- VIII. Pakistani nuclear forces
- IX. Israeli nuclear forces
- X. North Korea’s military nuclear capabilities
- XI. Conclusions
- Appendix 8A. Global stocks of fissile materials, 2009
- I. Introduction
- II. The nuclear test in North Korea
- III. Estimated number of nuclear explosions, 1945–2009
- I. Introduction
- II. Russian–US strategic nuclear arms control
- III. Iran and nuclear proliferation concerns
- IV. The impasse over North Korea’s nuclear programme
- V. Proliferation concerns in Syria and Myanmar
- VI. Developments related to multilateral treaties and initiatives
- VII. New nuclear weapon-free zones
- VIII. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. The threats posed by chemical and biological material
- III. Biological weapon arms control and disarmament
- IV. Chemical weapon arms control and disarmament
- V. Allegations of violations and prior programmes and activities
- VI. Prevention, response and remediation
- VII. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. European arms control
- III. Building military security cooperation in the OSCE area
- IV. Control of inhumane weapons
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. United Nations Security Council resolutions on transfers of proliferation-sensitive items
- III. Developments in multilateral export control regimes
- IV. Supply-side and cooperative measures in the European Union
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Developments in United Nations arms embargoes
- III. Developments in other multilateral arms embargoes
- I. Universal treaties
- II. Regional treaties
- III. Bilateral treaties
- Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
- Annex C. Chronology 2009
- About the authors
- Errata
SIPRI Yearbook 2010
XI. Conclusions
- Chapter:
- 8. World nuclear forces
- Source:
- SIPRI Yearbook 2010
- Author(s):
- Shannon N. Kile, Vitaly Fedchenko, Bharath Gopalaswamy, Hans M. Kristensen
In 2009 there was an overall decline in the number of operational nuclear weapons deployed by the five legally recognized and four de facto nuclear weapon states. The decline was due primarily to the withdrawal from deployment of warheads on strategic nuclear delivery vehicles by Russia and the United States—which together account for more than 90 per cent of the world’s inventory of nuclear weapons—pursuant to meeting the warhead limit set by the 2002 SORT Treaty. However, many of the Russian and US warheads withdrawn from service have been placed in storage and could be redeployed on delivery vehicles, since neither the 1991 START Treaty nor SORT requires warheads to be verifiably dismantled.
- Citation (MLA):
- Kile, Shannon N., Vitaly Fedchenko, Bharath Gopalaswamy, and Hans M. Kristensen. "8. World nuclear forces." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 20 Mar. 2025. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199581122/sipri-9780199581122-div1-80.xml>.
- Citation (APA):
- Kile, S., Fedchenko, V., Gopalaswamy, B., & Kristensen, H. (2016). 8. World nuclear forces. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 Mar. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199581122/sipri-9780199581122-div1-80.xml
- Citation (Chicago):
- Kile, Shannon N., Vitaly Fedchenko, Bharath Gopalaswamy, and Hans M. Kristensen. "8. World nuclear forces." In SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 20 Mar. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199581122/sipri-9780199581122-div1-80.xml
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- SIPRI Yearbook 2010: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Abstracts
- Abbreviations and conventions
- I. Overview
- II. SIPRI Yearbook 2010: highlights and findings
- III. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Staged reductions in Russian and US nuclear weapons
- III. Broadening the circle: involving other nuclear-armed states in a campaign to eliminate nuclear weapons
- IV. Ancillary agreements necessary to support and sustain a world without nuclear weapons
- V. Deterrence in a world without nuclear weapons
- VI. Governance and institution building: how much must change?
- VII. How political and doctrinal changes pave the way for international agreements: the US case
- VIII. Conclusions: looking ahead
- I. Introduction
- II. Crime and criminal violence: data, methodology and global trends
- III. Transnational crime in armed conflict settings
- IV. A new type of armed conflict?
- V. Conclusions
- I. Global patterns in major armed conflicts
- II. Regional patterns
- III. Changes in the table of conflicts for 2009
- IV. Definitions, sources and methods
- I. Introduction
- II. Highlights and changes
- III. Methodology and data sources
- IV. Investigating the set of potential determinants
- I. Introduction
- II. Addressing the civilian capacity gap in peace operations
- III. The UN Mission in Sudan
- IV. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Global trends
- III. Regional trends
- IV. Table of multilateral peace operations
- I. Introduction
- II. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- III. The European Union
- IV. Renewing pan-European security cooperation?
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Africa
- III. Latin America
- IV. The Middle East
- V. Asia and Oceania
- VI. Europe
- VII. North America
- VIII. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Regional trends and major spenders
- III. Tables of military expenditure
- I. Introduction
- II. The reporting systems
- III. Trends in reporting military expenditure, 2001–2009
- IV. The reporting of military expenditure data in 2009
- I. Introduction
- II. The SIPRI Top 100 arms-producing companies, 2008
- III. Mergers and acquisitions, 2009
- IV. The limited impact of the financial crisis on the arms industry
- V. Conclusions: continuity despite the crisis
- I. Selection criteria and sources of data
- II. Definitions
- III. Calculations
- Appendix 6B. Major arms industry acquisitions, 2009
- I. Introduction
- II. Major supplier developments, 2009
- III. Arms transfers to North Africa
- IV. Arms transfers to Iraq
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Sources and methods for arms transfers data
- Appendix 7B. The financial value of the arms trade, 1999–2008
- I. Introduction
- II. The United Nations Register of Conventional Arms
- III. National and regional reports on arms exports
- IV. Publishing information on brokering licences
- I. Introduction
- II. US nuclear forces
- III. Russian nuclear forces
- IV. British nuclear forces
- V. French nuclear forces
- VI. Chinese nuclear forces
- VII. Indian nuclear forces
- VIII. Pakistani nuclear forces
- IX. Israeli nuclear forces
- X. North Korea’s military nuclear capabilities
- XI. Conclusions
- Appendix 8A. Global stocks of fissile materials, 2009
- I. Introduction
- II. The nuclear test in North Korea
- III. Estimated number of nuclear explosions, 1945–2009
- I. Introduction
- II. Russian–US strategic nuclear arms control
- III. Iran and nuclear proliferation concerns
- IV. The impasse over North Korea’s nuclear programme
- V. Proliferation concerns in Syria and Myanmar
- VI. Developments related to multilateral treaties and initiatives
- VII. New nuclear weapon-free zones
- VIII. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. The threats posed by chemical and biological material
- III. Biological weapon arms control and disarmament
- IV. Chemical weapon arms control and disarmament
- V. Allegations of violations and prior programmes and activities
- VI. Prevention, response and remediation
- VII. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. European arms control
- III. Building military security cooperation in the OSCE area
- IV. Control of inhumane weapons
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. United Nations Security Council resolutions on transfers of proliferation-sensitive items
- III. Developments in multilateral export control regimes
- IV. Supply-side and cooperative measures in the European Union
- V. Conclusions
- I. Introduction
- II. Developments in United Nations arms embargoes
- III. Developments in other multilateral arms embargoes
- I. Universal treaties
- II. Regional treaties
- III. Bilateral treaties
- Annex B. International security cooperation bodies
- Annex C. Chronology 2009
- About the authors
- Errata