SIPRI Yearbook 2012
II. The economic cost of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars
The rapid increases in military expenditure worldwide over the past decade have taken place in a global political and security environment shaped by the terrorist attacks on the United States of 11 September 2001. In particular, they have been shaped by the policy responses to these attacks chosen by the USA and its allies, under the rubric of the ‘global war on terrorism’. The highly militarized US response included, most notably, major wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.1
- Citation (MLA):
- Perlo-Freeman, Sam, Carina Solmirano, Elisabeth Sköns, Olawale Ismail, Noel Kelly, Olawale Ismail, and Helen Wilandh. "4. Military expenditure." SIPRI Yearbook. SIPRI. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016. Web. 16 Jun. 2025. <https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199650583/sipri-9780199650583-div1-23.xml>.
- Citation (APA):
- Perlo-Freeman, S., Solmirano, C., Sköns, E., Ismail, O., Kelly, N., Ismail, O., & Wilandh, H. (2016). 4. Military expenditure. In SIPRI, SIPRI Yearbook 2012: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 Jun. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199650583/sipri-9780199650583-div1-23.xml
- Citation (Chicago):
- Perlo-Freeman, Sam, Carina Solmirano, Elisabeth Sköns, Olawale Ismail, Noel Kelly, Olawale Ismail, and Helen Wilandh. "4. Military expenditure." In SIPRI Yearbook 2012: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, SIPRI. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016). Retrieved 16 Jun. 2025, from https://www.sipriyearbook.org/view/9780199650583/sipri-9780199650583-div1-23.xml
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